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Common Wood Pigeon

The Common Wood Pigeon is an adaptable species, which can be both sedentary and migratory, depending on population and climatic conditions. In the Danube Delta, many remain over winter, but some may migrate south. It nests in trees, usually in deciduous or mixed woodland, building a simple nest from branches. They usually breed twice a year, laying 2 eggs per nest. It is a fairly silent bird, but the male can be heard in spring when it utters a deep hoo-hoo-hoo.
Columba palumbus
columba palumbus

Description and how to observe Common Wood Pigeon:

The Common Wood Pigeon is the largest species of wild pigeon in Europe, easily recognisable by its robust size (38-43 cm), bluish-grey plumage and, most notably, the white collar on either side of the neck, especially visible on adults. The wings are marked with a distinctive white band, clearly visible in flight. It can easily be seen in the Danube Delta, especially in wooded areas, wooded heaths, wooded pastures or even near settlements, flying slowly and heavily or sitting on high branches.

What it feeds on Common Wood Pigeon:

It is a predominantly herbivorous bird. Its diet consists of seeds, grains, berries, shoots, fruits and young leaves. Sometimes it also eats acorns or cereals from agricultural crops, which can cause conflict with farmers. It is frequently seen feeding on the ground, but also in trees, where it gathers fruit and leaves.

Threats:

The Common Wood Pigeon is not considered a threatened species, but it faces some risks, such as:

  • Hunting (it is a game species in Romania)

  • Loss of natural habitats through deforestation and urban sprawl

  • Collisions with electrical wires or cars

Ecological role:

It plays an important role in the ecosystem as a seed disperser, helping to regenerate vegetation. It is also part of the food chain, being prey for predatory birds and carnivorous mammals.

More information about Columba palumbus:

The Common Wood Pigeon is a highly adaptable species and has become increasingly common in urban environments. Unlike domestic pigeons, it retains wild behaviours and still prefers green or wooded areas. It is a common presence in the delta landscape and can be seen all year round.

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